ATEX Drilling

Drilling by ATEX commenced in 2021 and 18,029 metres of drilling has been completed by the Company to date over three phases (Figure 1).

Phase I drilling in 2021 targeted near surface oxide gold mineralization identified by previous operators and included 12 RC holes (ATXR01 through ATXR12) totaling 1,706.0 metres.

Phase II drilling in 2022 targeted the deeper-seated copper-gold porphyry style mineralization and included three drill holes totaling 3,809.7 metres. Phase II achieved proof of concept on the presence and continuity of a high-grade porphyry trend and was completed in the first half of 2022.

‘Phase III drilling commenced in October 2022 and completed in May 2023 and included 8 diamond drill holes (four from surface and four daughter holes) totaling 12,513 metres with all holes intersecting significant Cu-Au porphyry related mineralization (Figure 3). The Phase III campaign was designed with the objectives of expanding the mineralized corridor through step out drilling along strike as well as exploring the continuity and geometry of the high-grade trend intersected in Phase II while looking to extend it along strike.

Phase IV drilling objectives were to further define and extend the High-Grade Porphyry Trends intersected in Phase II and III while also exploring beyond the currently defined dimensions of the mineralized corridor. The Phase IV program concluded totalling approximately 12,000m of directional diamond drilling.

Phase V program strategic goals included delineating the high-grade B2B breccia zone located atop the Valeriano Porphyry, extending the high-grade porphyry trend and testing the broader porphyry footprint through infill and step-out drilling. These were successfully met by the end of the program, with 16,600 metres of directional diamond drilling completed.

Complete details for the 2025 MRE reported in Table 1 are documented in in the technical report titled “Independent Technical Report for the Valeriano Copper-Gold Project, Atacama Region, Chile”  by Glen Cole, PGeo, David Machuca, PEng, and David Middleditch, ACSM, MIMMM with an effective date of September 23, 2025, filed at www.sedarplus.ca on November 3, 2025, for additional details n the 2025 Mineral Resource Estimate for the Valeriano project. As set out in the foregoing technical report, Copper Equivalent (CuEq) is calculated assuming US$3.80/lb Cu, US$2,750/oz Au, US$27/oz Ag, and US$22/lb Mo and metallurgical recoveries of 94% for Cu, 95% for Au, 80% for Ag, and 64% for Mo using the formula CuEq % = Cu % (10499.12432 * Au g/t /10000) + (82.424482 * Ag g/t /10000) + (3.5790963 *Mo g/t /10000). This 2025 Technical Report supersedes the Company’s technical report entitled “Independent Technical Report for the Valeriano Copper-Gold Project, Atacama Region, Chile,” with an effective date of October 7, 2023, in its entirety.

The Mineral Resource estimation methodology used by the Qualified Person (“QP”), David F. Machuca-Mory, PhD, PEng to update the Mineral Resource estimates on the Valeriano Project included the following procedures:

• Compilation and verification of the updated database.
• Review of the component parts of the 3D geology model built by ATEX for mineralization, lithology and alteration.
• Definition of estimation domains based on the current geological understanding of the deposit and the statistical analysis of grades in relation to the modeled mineralization, lithology and alteration domains.
• Data conditioning (compositing and capping).
• Definition of a local anisotropy field based on the mineralization profiles.
• Geostatistical analysis including variography and local anisotropy analysis.
• Block modelling and specific gravity interpolation by inverse distance weighting.
• Ordinary kriging estimation of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum and arsenic grades using local anisotropy variograms.
• Post processing of all estimated grades by Local Uniform Conditioning.
• Validation of estimates through visual inspection and statistical analysis, including swath plots and Change of Support models.
• Resource classification based on criteria of geological continuity and confidence and drillhole density.
• Assessment of the “reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction” and selection of appropriate reporting cut-off grades, considering a open pit mining method for the oxides mineralization and a bulk underground mining method for the porphyry-related sulphides mineralization.
• Preparation of a Mineral Resource Statement.
• Reconciliation with the previous Mineral Resource estimate.

The mineralization, lithology and alteration domains were built conjointly by ATEX and SRK using implicit and explicit modelling techniques in LeapFrog™ software. Mineralized and discrete features were modelled with explicit inputs based on the informing datasets and geological cross sections interpreted by ATEX geologists. The geostatistical Mineral Resource estimates were completed by SRK using RMSP™ software.

Qualified Persons

The scientific and technical information related to the MRE in the September 23, 2025 news release has been reviewed and approved by Dr. David F. Machuca-Mory from SRK Consulting (Canada) Inc., an independent qualified person (as defined in NI 43-101).

For further information, please see the technical report titled “Independent Technical Report for the Valeriano Copper-Gold Project, Atacama Region, Chile”  by Glen Cole, PGeo, David Machuca, PEng, and David Middleditch, ACSM, MIMMM with an effective date of September 23, 2025, filed at www.sedarplus.ca on November 3, 2025, for additional details n the 2025 Mineral Resource Estimate for the Valeriano project.

The Authors of the 2025 report are Qualified Persons (“QP’s”) as defined by National Instrument 43-101, Standards for Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”). They are independent of ATEX, the vendors, and the Property.

These QPs, who are all independent of ATEX for the 2025 Technical Report  are Mr. Glen Cole and Dr. David Machuca from SRK Consulting (Canada) Inc. and Mr. David Middleditch from Libertas Metallurgy Ltd., as defined by National Instrument 43-101.

Quality Assurance / Quality Control

ATEX

A routine quality assurance and quality control (“QAQC”) programme has been implemented by ATEX to monitor on-going quality of the analytical database results. This programme is set out for all geologists in a standard operating procedure (“SOP”) document that outlines the rate of insertion per batch of control samples totaling 12% controls for in each 75-sample batch. Control samples (excluding blanks) are inserted randomly every 5 to 10 samples as defined and documented by the ATEX geology team. Blanks are inserted continuously within the sample stream with the fine blank material inserted preceding the coarse blank material. This process is undertaken at a third-party facility (“IMG”) located in Vallenar, close to the ATEX core facility. This process is managed and overseen by an ATEX team member and sample batches are manually verified against sample sheets before being shipped.

The QP is of the opinion that the processes and procedures used by ATEX for sample preparation, analysis and security are in line with industry best practice and nothing has been observed that would suggest bias, contamination, or other errors. The sample materials and assay results are adequate for use in modelling and estimation of Mineral Resources.

Historical operators

The diamond drilling core from Hochschild’s 2011 to 2013 drilling campaign were collected and sampled under the direct supervision of Hochschild’s staff.  Diamond drill core was placed in core boxes at the drill site, appropriately tagged, secured and transported to the Hochschild’s exploration camp.  Drill core was logged, marked, on average, at 2 metre intervals for sampling and split longitudinally with a diamond drill saw.  One half of the core was bagged and sample tags attached and the second half of the core was returned to the core boxes. All samples were appropriately labelled and transported by truck by Hochschild personnel to the ALS Chemex laboratory located in Coquimbo, Chile.  ALS Chemex-Coquimbo carried out preparation, chemical analyses and QA/QC. The preparation protocol (PREP-31B) consisted of crushing 70% to less than 2 mm (-10#), rotary split of 1 kg and pulverization to better than 85% passing 75 microns (-150#). Gold was analyzed via 50-gram fire assay and AA. Thirty-five additional elements, which included Cu, Ag, molybdenum and arsenic were assayed using aqua regia digestion and ICP-AES analysis (protocol ME-ICP41).

Hochschild’s QA/QC protocol for drill hole samples included field, coarse reject and pulp duplicates of samples, blanks, and Au and Cu standards. At least 20% of the samples were sent for assay comprised quality assurance duplicates, blanks and standards.

ATEX reviewed QA/QC data obtained during Hochschild’s 2011-2013 drilling campaigns. A total of 7,397 drillhole samples were collected in holes VALDD-01 through VALDD-16.

Overall conclusions drawn from the QA-QC analyses are as follows:

• Analyses of duplicates show good precision indicating that the protocols used for sample preparation and assaying were adequate.
• Analyses of standards used during exploration show good accuracy, however, one Au standard showed a consistent negative basis (-15.77%).
• Analyses of blanks showed no serious contamination problems between samples.

The overall conclusion is that the available QA-QC data generated by Hochschild for the Valeriano drill program meets acceptability criteria for the stage of the project and the exploration data can be used for modeling and estimation of inferred resources.

There is no QA/QC data available from the Phelps Dodge drilling program.  From drill logs, it is apparent that diamond core was sampled based upon geological controls in areas of potential mineralization and was sampled and assayed at 1-metre intervals in areas of no apparent mineralization.  Drill core recovery appears to have been good.  The sampling protocol resulted in variable sample lengths in areas of interest typically from 10 to 50 centimeters.  In the case of reserve circulation drill holes, sampling was completed at 1-metre intervals and the entire drill hole was sampled and assayed. There is no information available regarding the sample preparation or assaying methods used by Phelps Dodge.

There is no QA/QC data available and little sample or assaying methodology information available from the Barrick reverse circulation drilling program other than sampling was undertaken at 1-metre intervals and sampling commenced at the beginning of the drill holes.

Considering the seniority of the companies and the professionals involved at the time, there is no apparent reason to question the validity of the Phelps Dodge or Barrick assaying information.  The assay results are internally consistent within the oxide resource area, geologically reasonable for the type of deposit and intensity of mineralization and are comparable to the assay results returned by Hochschild drilling in the same area. It is therefore considered reasonable that these results be included in the estimation of an inferred resource on an early-stage exploration property.

Details of historical exploration, including drilling, sampling and assaying, together with ATEX’s QA-QC analysis and commentary are available in the “Independent Technical Report for the Valeriano Copper-Gold Project, Atacama Region, Chile”, with an effective date of September 23, 2025, and available under the ATEX Resources SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com.